U-Net deep learning model automatically measures hallux valgus and intermetatarsal angles on foot radiographs

U-Net model automatically measured hallux valgus angle (MAE 2.118°, ICC 0.961) and intermetatarsal angle (MAE 0.966°, ICC 0.919) on foot radiographs, with high agreement vs experts in temporal validation (n=100).

• The model was validated on a temporal cohort of 100 radiographs from the same institution.
• Accuracy remained consistent across mild, moderate, and severe hallux valgus deformities.
• The model automatically located six anatomical landmarks to compute the angles.

Automated summary

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