Transcranial Focused Ultrasound: Integrating HIFU and LIFU into Neuroradiology Practice

Transcranial MR-guided HIFU is established for movement disorders; neuroradiologist involvement varies. Emerging LIFU offers neuromodulation and blood-brain barrier disruption, but protocols are uncertain. CT/MR imaging is critical for targeting and outcomes.

• Neuroradiologist involvement in HIFU clinical decision-making and procedural workflows is highly variable and site-specific.
• LIFU is a rapidly evolving technology with potential applications in neuromodulation, targeted drug delivery, and liquid biopsy, though optimal protocols and safety limits remain uncertain.
• Familiarity with transcranial ultrasound principles and the pivotal role of CT and MR imaging for targeting and evaluating outcomes is increasingly important for neuroradiologists.

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