Cor2Vox: a cortex-grounded diffusion model for brain MRI synthesis

A new cortex-grounded diffusion model, Cor2Vox, synthesizes realistic brain MRIs by leveraging high-resolution cortical surface priors. It enabled anatomy-guided synthesis, simulation of gray matter atrophy, and harmonization of dementia scans, outperforming baseline methods.

• Cor2Vox uses a Brownian bridge diffusion process guided by high-resolution cortical surfaces, achieving topologically faithful brain MRI synthesis.
• The model's statistical shape model was derived from over 33,000 UK Biobank scans to generate realistic brain shapes.
• It demonstrated robustness to cortical geometry variations and unseen dementia phenotypes, enabling applications like atrophy simulation and scan harmonization.

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