Breast Density and BPE Are Independent Biomarkers for Systemic Risk

Breast density (BD) on mammography correlates with bone density (osteoporosis risk); background parenchymal enhancement (BPE) on contrast-enhanced mammography (CEM) correlates with systolic BP (vascular tone). They are independent; AI boosts reader agreement.

• BD can be extracted from standard mammography, enabling opportunistic osteoporosis screening without contrast; BPE requires CEM.
• AI support improved inter-reader agreement and workflow efficiency.
• Prospective validation is needed before clinical implementation.

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