Embolization after failed thoracic duct ligation yields 62.5% clinical success for persistent chylothorax

Thoracic duct embolization achieved clinical success in 62.5% (25 of 40) of persistent postoperative chylothorax after complete ligation; day 1 drain output was lower in successes (324 vs 852 mL, p=0.0003).

• Lymphangiography showed complete thoracic duct ligation in 37 of 40 patients (92.5%), with contrast leakage below the ligation site in 15 of 37 (41%).
• Cisterna chyli or thoracic duct cannulation succeeded in 38 of 40 patients (95%); no procedure-related adverse events occurred.
• Time to drain removal was shorter in low-output patients (7.5 vs 14.5 days; p=0.024).

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