Coronary Artery Disease Assessment Moves Beyond Angiography Alone

Luminal stenosis is not the sole determinant of coronary risk. Integrating coronary CT angiography, plaque characterization, fractional flow reserve, and AI with angiography enables personalized risk stratification and treatment.

• Intravascular ultrasound and optical coherence tomography reveal plaque morphology and vessel wall pathology beyond lumen narrowing.
• CT-derived fractional flow reserve and perivascular inflammation markers add noninvasive functional and biological insight.
• The paradigm shifts from stenosis-centric to a vulnerable-patient approach, merging anatomical, physiological, and inflammatory data with AI.

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