Progressive Growth Pattern Identified for Incidental Small Pure Ground-Glass Nodules

Across two cohorts of 1206 incidental pure ground-glass nodules smaller than 10 mm, 8.6% grew at center 1. Vessel sign (HR 2.98), bubble lucency (HR 2.39), and family history of lung cancer (HR 2.83) predicted growth; a progressive growth pattern was reproduced at both centers.

• Retrospective two-center cohort: 910 patients (1206 pGGNs <10 mm) were followed annually for 5 years after low-dose CT.
• Center 1 growth rate was 8.6% (65/754); independent predictors included bubble lucency (HR 2.39), vessel sign (HR 2.98), and family history of lung cancer (HR 2.83).
• Latent class trajectory modeling identified a progressive growth pattern; family history was independently associated in both centers (OR 4.23 and 5.01), with vessel sign at center 2 (OR 4.38).

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