Biomarkers for breast fibroadenoma diagnosis and malignant transformation risk

A review highlights biomarkers—MED12 mutation, Ki-67, radiomics—that may aid in differentiating breast fibroadenomas from phyllodes tumors and cancer, and in assessing malignant transformation risk.

• Key biomarkers include MED12 mutation, Ki-67, p53, Bcl-2, ER/PR, HER2, VEGF, MMPs, γ-H2AX, ctDNA, and transcriptomic classifiers.
• Radiomics, artificial intelligence, and digital pathology are emphasized for improving lesion classification and diagnostic accuracy.
• Challenges include lack of standardized cut-offs, molecular panels for fibroadenoma, and long-term validation studies.

Automated summary

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