Putamen-centered functional dysconnectivity identified as trait marker in MDD via multimodal MRI and machine learning.

In MDD, putamen-centered functional connectivity disruptions were key discriminators. Multimodal MRI model (volumes+FC) classified patients vs controls with AUC 0.685 and 65.3% accuracy.

• Co-occurring volume reductions in right thalamus and left putamen in MDD patients.
• Reduced FC in two putamen-centered circuits: right putamen-left putamen and right putamen-left amygdala.
• Multimodal model outperformed FC-only (AUC 0.655) and volume-only (AUC 0.649) models.

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