Hybrid CNN and decision-tree regression model estimates age from panoramic radiographs, best in 31–35 age group

Hybrid AI model estimated age from panoramic radiographs: overall MAE 6.52 years, but in the 31–35 age group, MAE was 0.29 years (male) and 0.16 years (female). Performance degraded in other age ranges.

• The study included 2,546 panoramic radiographs (3,423 teeth) from patients over 18 years.
• In other age groups, particularly 40–50 and 51–55 years, the model performed unsatisfactorily.

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