Calcaneal angles on radiographs show population-specific norms but fail to predict sex reliably

In a study of 540 adults, six calcaneal angles measured on radiographs were not suitable for sex prediction. Key angles like Böhler and Gissane varied with age, while calcaneal compression differed between sexes. These population-specific reference values may aid clinical diagno…

• Study evaluated six angular parameters (Böhler, Gissane, calcaneal inclination, Fowler-Philip, lateral talocalcaneal, calcaneal compression) on bilateral radiographs from 540 individuals aged 20–65.
• Significant right-left differences were found for calcaneal inclination and lateral talocalcaneal angles; Böhler and Gissane angles varied significantly across age groups.
• Receiver operating characteristic analysis for sex prediction showed the angles were not suitable for this purpose, despite a significant sex difference in calcaneal compression angle.

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