Deep Learning Automates Spinal Alignment Measurement and Implant Detection in Scoliosis X-rays

AI measured major curve angle with MAE 2.7° (r=0.99) and detected implants with MAE 0.18 per image (r=0.99) in multi-institutional external validation of 4585 scoliosis radiographs.

• Thoracic kyphosis measurement achieved MAE 3.7° (r=0.91).
• Vertebral numbering accuracy was 0.97 for transitional vertebrae.
• Limitation: External validation of sagittal and postoperative measurements was limited to two sites (US and Japan), requiring broader multi-region validation.

Automated summary

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