Stepped-Wedge Trial Protocol: AI-Assisted Chest X-Ray Reads by GPs in Brazil

Multicenter stepped-wedge trial (LuAna, Brazil) will test if AI improves GPs’ chest X-ray detection of key findings (consolidation, pneumothorax, etc) vs unaided reads, with radiologist consensus as reference. Results expected 2027.

• The stepped-wedge design ensures all clusters eventually receive AI assistance, enhancing generalizability in 9 Brazilian cities.
• The AI tool (LuAna) was developed with the Brazilian Ministry of Health for resource-limited settings.
• Primary outcome is per-examination diagnostic accuracy for five abnormalities, benchmarked against thoracic radiologists.

Automated summary

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