AI Model Achieves High Accuracy for Automated Orbital Fracture Mirroring in Multicenter Study

Fully automated AI workflow for orbital fracture mirroring achieved mean Dice 0.936 and angular deviation 0.95° (fractured), 0.72° (uninjured) vs manual planning, in a multicenter study of 502 CT scans.

• Multicenter retrospective study using 502 cranial CT scans from three international institutions; nnU-Net trained and internally validated.
• Non-fractured orbit Dice up to 0.941; angular deviation consistent across centers (fractured: 0.95°±0.65, non-fractured: 0.72°±0.53).
• Limitation: Retrospective design without external prospective validation; clinical outcomes not assessed.

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