MRI-Guided Micro/Nanorobots: Advancing Neurotherapeutics with AI-Enabled Navigation and BBB Penetration

Review highlights progress in MRI-guided magnetic micro/nanorobots (MNRs) for neurological diseases—integrating AI navigation, BBB penetration, and imaging feedback; still faces translational challenges.

• This comprehensive review covers fabrication, driving mechanisms, AI-assisted multimodal imaging, and strategies for blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetration by MNRs.
• Preclinical evidence shows MNRs improve local drug concentrations and enable spatiotemporally controlled release, yet clinical translation requires overcoming safety, scalability, and regulatory hurdles.

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