Two Decades of IR in Thoracic Oncology: from Adjunct to Indispensable

Over 20 years, interventional radiology evolved from a palliative adjunct to a core component of multidisciplinary thoracic oncology, using CT-guided navigational biopsies, thermal ablation for nonsurgical lung cancer, embolization for hemoptysis, and growing pleural interventio…

• Image-guided biopsy now includes CT-based navigational and robotic techniques, achieving high diagnostic accuracy with fewer complications.
• Percutaneous thermal ablation (RFA, microwave, cryo) provides effective local control and favorable survival for early-stage or oligometastatic lung cancer patients unsuitable for surgery.
• Endovascular procedures like bronchial artery embolization manage hemoptysis, and IR plays a key role in pleural mesothelioma diagnosis and locoregional therapies.

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