Myocardial Gremlin-1 Expression Tied to Adverse Remodeling and Outcomes in Non-Ischemic Cardiomyopathy

In 703 NICM pts, myocardial Gremlin-1 overexpression on biopsy was independently tied to higher all-cause and CV mortality, and ICD events over 15y. It improved risk prediction.

• Prospective cohort of 703 symptomatic NICM patients with endomyocardial biopsy, imaging, and molecular profiling; follow-up up to 15 years.
• Circulating Gremlin-1 levels also independently associated with adverse outcomes.
• Single-center study without external validation.

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