Review: Imaging the Hallmarks of Cancer, from Molecular Probes to AI-Augmented Radiomics

A review maps how non-invasive imaging can assess cancer hallmarks: directly via probes targeting biomolecules or indirectly through pathophysiology, now boosted by AI-based radiomics and deep learning. Some of these imaging biomarkers already guide surgical, radiation, and mole…

• Comprehensive narrative review covering translational imaging probes, indirect pathophysiological imaging, and AI-driven analysis (radiomics, radiogenomics, deep learning) of cancer hallmarks.
• Multiple imaging approaches have reached clinical practice, helping to stratify patients and steer treatment decisions including resection, radiotherapy, and targeted agents.
• Many AI methods remain in translational evaluation; robust external validation is still needed before broad adoption.

RadPigeon summaries are original and for information only. They are not clinical advice.