CSF-Venous Fistulas Can Arise Without Meningeal Diverticula: A Multicenter Case Series

CSF-venous fistulas can occur without an associated meningeal diverticulum, arising directly from a normal nerve root sleeve or the thecal sac. In this retrospective multicenter case series, two rare variant types are identified and clinically characterized, expanding the imagin…

• Design: Multi-institutional, retrospective case series identifying and describing patients with these two rare CSF-venous fistula variants.
• Limitation: Retrospective design with inherent selection bias and limited sample size, preventing a definitive comparison of clinical outcomes to typical fistula cases.

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