Multimedia oral health education outperforms conventional teaching in Indonesian schoolchildren

Cluster-RCT (n=582, ages 8–12, Makassar, Indonesia): multimedia-based oral health education yielded the greatest improvements in knowledge/attitude/practice scores and the steepest reductions in Oral Hygiene Index and DMFT caries index vs. conventional or control groups (P<0.001…

• Cluster-randomized longitudinal design; 582 students allocated to multimedia education, conventional education, or control; outcomes assessed by validated KAP questionnaire (Cronbach's α >0.80), OHI-S, and WHO DMFT criteria.
• Exact effect sizes (mean score differences, 95% CIs) are not reported in the source abstract; significance stated at P<0.001 for group differences in all primary outcomes.
• Key limitation: single-city sample from Makassar, Indonesia limits generalizability; long-term durability of behavior change beyond the study period is not assessed. Note: this paper has no radiology content and falls outside RadPigeon's core scope.

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